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A bailiff and a man in a black suit are talking in an office with a large pile of files on a table, while a police officer observes in the background.

How to challenge an investigative measure in futurum (Article 145 CPC)

Remedies, time limits, and grounds for challenging an order based on Article 145 CPC (withdrawal, appeal, proportionality, trade secrets).

Man in suit working on a computer with two screens in a modern office with files.

How to obtain an order for investigative measures (Article 145 CPC)?

Obtaining an investigative measure prior to any trial in France: conditions, jurisdiction, limitations, and advice (+ check-list).

Two businessmen talking face to face in a modern meeting room with a whiteboard displaying a margin chart.

Termination of a fixed-term contract and damages for compensation

Termination before the end of the contract: What damages are compensable? Calculation (margin, avoided costs), penalty clauses.

Businessman working on documents at his desk with laptop, tablet and coffee cup.

Unjustified resistance by the debtor: obtaining damages before French courts

Unreasonable resistance by the debtor: When to claim damages, under what conditions, with what evidence, and before which judge.

Female executive wearing glasses and a gray suit, writing on a document in the office with laptop and graphics.

Sudden breach and call for tenders: Details from the Court of Cassation

Discover the implications of the December 3, 2025 ruling on sudden termination when the relationship is punctuated by calls for tenders.

A standing woman in a dark suit explains documents to a man sitting in a bright office overlooking the city.

Abrupt termination: The impact of economic dependence on notice

Find out how economic dependence influences notice periods and compensation in the event of sudden termination (Article L442-1).

A businesswoman in a suit using a tablet is chatting with a man in a suit in an outdoor urban environment.

Sales agent and competition: The principal's consent is mandatory

A sales agent cannot represent a competitor without the principal's consent. Our advice on how to protect your interests and how to react.

A businesswoman chairing a board of directors and presenting financial charts to seven directors sitting around a large table overlooking a city.

Guarantees unauthorized by the board are not enforceable

The French Supreme Court reiterates that a guarantee granted by a French LLC (SA) without authorization is not enforceable, even if subsequently ratified.

Businessman analyzing printed documents with charts and a laptop displaying a financial chart.

How to prove sudden termination before French judges?

All the keys to demonstrate that your commercial partner abruptly terminated your relationship + checklist of documents to produce before French courts.

Serious Commercial Misconduct: Is Immediate Termination Permitted?

Has your commercial partner committed Serious Misconduct? Discover the French legal criteria to terminate your commercial relationship without notice.

Image showing a pressure gauge in hand.

Defective products: Gross negligence does not exclude compensation

Learn why gross negligence doesn’t bar employers from claiming compensation for commercial losses caused by defective products.

Fronton of the Paris Court of Appeal.

Defaulting respondent and filing of submissions before the remand court

Learn about recent French case law on mandatory deadlines for appeal respondent and practical implications before remand courts.

Dollar bill hidden under euro bills.

Trade war with the US: the French Supreme Court sharpens its weapons

French Supreme Court rules that sudden break claims outside the EU are tort-based, allowing French courts jurisdiction over international disputes.

Hand holding a pen above a contract to sign it.

Tort liability for contract breach: French Supreme Court sets limits

French Supreme Court narrows Bootshop principle: liability limitation clauses apply to third-party tort claims based on contract breaches.

Hourglass placed on a contract in an office.

Hidden defects and time limits clarified by French Supreme Court

French Supreme Court clarifies time limits for hidden defects: All what you need to know about the 2-year statute of limitations and 20-year long-stop.

A bailiff and a man in a black suit are talking in an office with a large pile of files on a table, while a police officer observes in the background.

How to challenge an investigative measure in futurum (Article 145 CPC)

Remedies, time limits, and grounds for challenging an order based on Article 145 CPC (withdrawal, appeal, proportionality, trade secrets).

Man in suit working on a computer with two screens in a modern office with files.

How to obtain an order for investigative measures (Article 145 CPC)?

Obtaining an investigative measure prior to any trial in France: conditions, jurisdiction, limitations, and advice (+ check-list).

Two businessmen talking face to face in a modern meeting room with a whiteboard displaying a margin chart.

Termination of a fixed-term contract and damages for compensation

Termination before the end of the contract: What damages are compensable? Calculation (margin, avoided costs), penalty clauses.

A standing woman in a dark suit explains documents to a man sitting in a bright office overlooking the city.

Abrupt termination: The impact of economic dependence on notice

Find out how economic dependence influences notice periods and compensation in the event of sudden termination (Article L442-1).

A businesswoman in a suit using a tablet is chatting with a man in a suit in an outdoor urban environment.

Sales agent and competition: The principal's consent is mandatory

A sales agent cannot represent a competitor without the principal's consent. Our advice on how to protect your interests and how to react.

Businessman working on documents at his desk with laptop, tablet and coffee cup.

Unjustified resistance by the debtor: obtaining damages before French courts

Unreasonable resistance by the debtor: When to claim damages, under what conditions, with what evidence, and before which judge.

Female executive wearing glasses and a gray suit, writing on a document in the office with laptop and graphics.

Sudden breach and call for tenders: Details from the Court of Cassation

Discover the implications of the December 3, 2025 ruling on sudden termination when the relationship is punctuated by calls for tenders.

A businesswoman chairing a board of directors and presenting financial charts to seven directors sitting around a large table overlooking a city.

Guarantees unauthorized by the board are not enforceable

The French Supreme Court reiterates that a guarantee granted by a French LLC (SA) without authorization is not enforceable, even if subsequently ratified.

Businessman analyzing printed documents with charts and a laptop displaying a financial chart.

How to prove sudden termination before French judges?

All the keys to demonstrate that your commercial partner abruptly terminated your relationship + checklist of documents to produce before French courts.

Serious Commercial Misconduct: Is Immediate Termination Permitted?

Has your commercial partner committed Serious Misconduct? Discover the French legal criteria to terminate your commercial relationship without notice.

Image showing a pressure gauge in hand.

Defective products: Gross negligence does not exclude compensation

Learn why gross negligence doesn’t bar employers from claiming compensation for commercial losses caused by defective products.

Dollar bill hidden under euro bills.

Trade war with the US: the French Supreme Court sharpens its weapons

French Supreme Court rules that sudden break claims outside the EU are tort-based, allowing French courts jurisdiction over international disputes.

Fronton of the Paris Court of Appeal.

Defaulting respondent and filing of submissions before the remand court

Learn about recent French case law on mandatory deadlines for appeal respondent and practical implications before remand courts.

Hand holding a pen above a contract to sign it.

Tort liability for contract breach: French Supreme Court sets limits

French Supreme Court narrows Bootshop principle: liability limitation clauses apply to third-party tort claims based on contract breaches.

Hourglass placed on a contract in an office.

Hidden defects and time limits clarified by French Supreme Court

French Supreme Court clarifies time limits for hidden defects: All what you need to know about the 2-year statute of limitations and 20-year long-stop.

A bailiff and a man in a black suit are talking in an office with a large pile of files on a table, while a police officer observes in the background.

How to challenge an investigative measure in futurum (Article 145 CPC)

Remedies, time limits, and grounds for challenging an order based on Article 145 CPC (withdrawal, appeal, proportionality, trade secrets).

Man in suit working on a computer with two screens in a modern office with files.

How to obtain an order for investigative measures (Article 145 CPC)?

Obtaining an investigative measure prior to any trial in France: conditions, jurisdiction, limitations, and advice (+ check-list).

Fronton of the Paris Court of Appeal.

Defaulting respondent and filing of submissions before the remand court

Learn about recent French case law on mandatory deadlines for appeal respondent and practical implications before remand courts.

A bailiff and a man in a black suit are talking in an office with a large pile of files on a table, while a police officer observes in the background.

How to challenge an investigative measure in futurum (Article 145 CPC)

Remedies, time limits, and grounds for challenging an order based on Article 145 CPC (withdrawal, appeal, proportionality, trade secrets).

Man in suit working on a computer with two screens in a modern office with files.

How to obtain an order for investigative measures (Article 145 CPC)?

Obtaining an investigative measure prior to any trial in France: conditions, jurisdiction, limitations, and advice (+ check-list).

A businesswoman in a suit using a tablet is chatting with a man in a suit in an outdoor urban environment.

Sales agent and competition: The principal's consent is mandatory

A sales agent cannot represent a competitor without the principal's consent. Our advice on how to protect your interests and how to react.

Businessman working on documents at his desk with laptop, tablet and coffee cup.

Unjustified resistance by the debtor: obtaining damages before French courts

Unreasonable resistance by the debtor: When to claim damages, under what conditions, with what evidence, and before which judge.

A businesswoman chairing a board of directors and presenting financial charts to seven directors sitting around a large table overlooking a city.

Guarantees unauthorized by the board are not enforceable

The French Supreme Court reiterates that a guarantee granted by a French LLC (SA) without authorization is not enforceable, even if subsequently ratified.

Fronton of the Paris Court of Appeal.

Defaulting respondent and filing of submissions before the remand court

Learn about recent French case law on mandatory deadlines for appeal respondent and practical implications before remand courts.

Logo of Grelier Avocat, a business litigation firm in Paris.

Business Litigation law Firm

9 Duphot Street, 75001 Paris
+33 6 08 62 23 58
tgrelier@grelieravocat.com
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